Anticariogenic Potential of Piper sarmentosum Water Extract in Oral Health: A Review of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Mechanisms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jomalisc.v5.124Keywords:
Piper sarmentosum, biofilm, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinusAbstract
Dental plaque formation by mutans streptococci is the main cause of dental caries worldwide. Plant phenolic compounds offer a diverse array of anticariogenic mechanisms of action in the prevention of dental caries. Piper sarmentosum is a traditional medicine and an edible culinary plant that has been well documented for its phenolic compounds, and recently, the leaves' water extract has been commercially available. However, numerous antibacterial studies have shown that this plant extract successfully inhibits bacteria other than mutans streptococci, and no antibiofilm properties have been properly studied. To address this challenge, this paper reviews the anticariogenic properties of P. sarmentosum leaf extract in terms of antibacterial and antibiofilm as well as predicts the possible antibiofilm targets by several well-studied compounds, mainly vitexin, quercetin, and naringenin, that are present in the water extracts. This provides insights into dental caries management using plant extracts while at the same time maintaining the balance of oral microbiota in a eubiotic state. Hence, P. sarmentosum leaves' crude extracts or the phytocompounds could be integrated into the oral health application.
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