Antibacterial Activity of the Chemically Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jomalisc.v3.65Keywords:
Chemical reduction, zinc oxide nanoparticles, antibacterial activityAbstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are highly important due to their high photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. ZnO NPs are used as antibacterial agents because they have significant antibacterial properties, inexpensive, easy to synthesize, high surface area-to-volume ratio, and non-toxic to human cells, making them effective and safe for medicinal applications. This study also concentrates on the preparation and characterization of ZnO NPs and their antibacterial activities. A simple chemical process was performed to synthesize ZnO NPs from an aqueous solution of zinc salt (zinc chloride) and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide under an alcoholic methanol media. The obtained product was analyzed using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The mean crystallite size of ZnO nanocrystals was 32.64 nm, as calculated from main X-ray diffraction peaks employing the Scherrer formula. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of carbonyl and carboxyl functional groups on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles, which enhance interactions with bacterial cell membranes and contribute to their antibacterial activity. ZnO nanoparticles with a prominent and broad absorption peak at a maximum wavelength (λmax) of 375 nm demonstrate highly effective antibacterial properties. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles displayed antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli (gram-negative), and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive). The results indicated that the chemically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited effective antibacterial properties.
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