Alginate Chitosan Amine-Functionalized Silica-Coated as an Adsorbent for Magnetic Micro Solid-Phase Extraction of Bisphenol A from Canned Food Sample

Authors

  • Noreha Sapin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Nur ‘Afifah Md Yusoff Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Gimba Joshua Dagil Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jomalisc.v3.69

Keywords:

Chitosan, adsorbent, micro solid-phase extraction, bisphenol A, alginate, magnetic, canned food, UV-visible spectrophotometry

Abstract

A magnetic micro-solid phase extraction (M-μ-SPE) coupled with UV-visible spectrophotometry was developed to analyze Bisphenol A (BPA) in canned food. The method utilized alginate chitosan amine-functionalized silica-coated (alg/Cs-NH2-SiO2/Fe3O4) as an adsorbent. Optimized parameters, including sample pH, adsorbent mass, extraction time, and solvent desorption volume, were chosen to enhance separation and extraction efficiency. The maximum signal of BPA was achieved when extracted using 80 mg of adsorbent at sample pH 6, followed by desorption with 500 μL of ACN. The adsorption process was rapid and completed within 30 seconds, with UV detection at 275 nm. Calibration curves exhibited good linearity from 0.5 to 10 mg/L (R² = 0.9982). The method demonstrated an LOD {3.3 (S/N)} of 1.11 mg/L and LOQ {10 (S/N)} of 3.3 mg/L, with good repeatability (RSD < 8.7% for n = 3). Recoveries of spiked BPA (0.5-10 mg/L) ranged from 87.5% to 106.8%. Analysis of canned sardine (85% recovery) and canned lychee (93% recovery) samples showed promising results with RSD < 9%. This study indicates that M-μ-SPE coupled with UV-visible spectrophotometry was a rapid and reliable method for BPA analysis in canned food.

References

Almeida, S., A. Raposo, M. Almeida‐González, and C. Carrascosa. 2018. Bisphenol A: Food exposure and impact on human health. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 17(6): 1503-1517.

Vilarinho, F., R. Sendón, A. Van der Kellen, M. Vaz, and A.S. Silva. 2019. Bisphenol A in food as a result of its migration from food packaging. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 91: 33-65.

Cimmino, I., F. Fiory, G. Perruolo, C. Miele, F. Beguinot, P. Formisano, and F. Oriente. 2020. Potential mechanisms of bisphenol A (BPA) contributing to human disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21(16): 5761.

Wiraagni, I.A., M.A. Mohd, R. bin Abd Rashid, and D.E.b.M. Haron. 2019. Validation of a simple extraction procedure for bisphenol A identification from human plasma. PLoS One. 14(10): e0221774.

Adeyi, A.A. and B.A. Babalola. 2019. Bisphenol-A (BPA) in foods commonly consumed in Southwest Nigeria and its human health risk. Scientific Reports. 9(1): 17458.

Wang, Y., X. Wei, Y. Qi, and H. Huang. 2021. Efficient removal of bisphenol-A from water and wastewater by Fe2O3-modified graphene oxide. Chemosphere. 263: 127563.

Tarafdar, A., R. Sirohi, P.A. Balakumaran, R. Reshmy, A. Madhavan, R. Sindhu, P. Binod, Y. Kumar, D. Kumar, and S.J. Sim. 2022. The hazardous threat of Bisphenol A: Toxicity, detection and remediation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 423: 127097.

Cohen, I.C., E.R. Cohenour, K.G. Harnett, and S.M. Schuh. 2021. BPA, BPAF and TMBPF alter adipogenesis and fat accumulation in human mesenchymal stem cells, with implications for obesity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22(10): 5363.

Reyes-Gallardo, E.M., R. Lucena, S. Cárdenas, and M. Valcárcel. 2016. Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of bisphenol A from milk using magnetic nylon 6 composite and its final determination by HPLC-UV. Microchemical Journal. 124: 751-756.

Kamaruzaman, S., M.M. Sanagi, N. Yahaya, W.A. Wan Ibrahim, S. Endud, and W.N. Wan Ibrahim. 2017. Magnetic micro‐solid‐phase extraction based on magnetite‐MCM‐41 with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of antidepressant drugs in biological fluids. Journal of Separation Science. 40(21): 4222-4233.

Li, G., Y. Qiu, Y. Ruan, M. Long, and Z. Xia. Rapid determination of bisphenol A in environmental water by solid phase extraction-ultra performance convergence chromatography. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020. IOP Publishing.

Ochiai, N., K. Sasamoto, F. David, and P. Sandra. 2018. Recent developments of stir bar sorptive extraction for food applications: extension to polar solutes. Journal ofAagricultural and Food Chemistry. 66(28): 7249-7255.

Zacharis, C.K. and P.D. Tzanavaras. 2020 Solid-phase microextraction, MDPI. 379.

Loh, T.Y., W. Khalik, and S.H. Loh. 2020. Simple extraction of bisphenol A in beverages and water by membrane-protected liquid phase microextraction. Sains Malaysiana. 49(1): 49-55.

Kanu, A.B. 2021. Recent developments in sample preparation techniques combined with high-performance liquid chromatography: A critical review. Journal of Chromatography A. 1654: 462444.

Ungku Abdullah, U.A.A., N.S. Mohamad Hanapi, W.N.W. Ibrahim, S. Saiful Azhar, N.S. Ishak, and R.D. Hamid. 2019. Rapid magnetic solid-phase extraction based on graphene oxide/magnetite nanoparticles for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bisphenol-A in tap water. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 31(6): 1294-1300.

Sadeghi, M., Z. Nematifar, N. Fattahi, M. Pirsaheb, and M. Shamsipur. 2016. Determination of bisphenol A in food and environmental samples using combined solid-phase extraction–dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop followed by HPLC. Food Analytical Methods. 9: 1814-1824.

Frontiñan-Rubio, J., V.J. González, E. Vázquez, and M. Durán-Prado. 2022. Rapid and efficient testing of the toxicity of graphene-related materials in primary human lung cells. Scientific Reports. 12(1): 7664.

Dagil, G.J., N.-T. Ng, A.K. Aemi Syazwani, S. Chandren, and W.I. Wan Aini. 2022. Magnetic nanoparticles as effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from water: a review of surface modification (2015-2022). Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 26(6): 1344-1377.

Errico, S., T. Chioccarelli, M. Moggio, N. Diano, and G. Cobellis. 2019. A new LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous and quantitative detection of bisphenol-A and steroids in target tissues: a power tool to characterize the interference of bisphenol-A exposure on steroid levels. Molecules. 25(1): 48.

Benecyo, J.E. 2016. Simultaneous Determination of BPA and BPS Using UV/Vis Spectrophotometry and HPLC.

Pourbasheer, E., S. Fathi Majd, Z. Azari, S. Ansari, and M.R. Ganjali. 2022. Magnetic solid‐phase extraction and spectrophotometric determination of pseudoephedrine in real samples. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society. 69(3): 532-539.

Dagil, G.J., N.-T. Ng, A.K. Aemi Syazwani, S. Chandren, and W.I. Wan Aini. 2023. Novel Alginate-Chitosan Amine-Functionalized Silica Coated Magnetic Composite for Heavy Metals Removal in Water. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 27(2): 422-439.

Fuzil, N.S., N.H. Othman, N.A.S.R.A. Jamal, A.N. Mustapa, N.H. Alias, A. Dollah, N.R.N. Him, and F. Marpani. 2022. Bisphenol A adsorption from aqueous solution using graphene oxide-alginate beads. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 30(2): 597-612.

Bhatnagar, A. and I. Anastopoulos. 2017. Adsorptive removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution: A review. Chemosphere. 168: 885-902.

Downloads

Published

2024-05-30

How to Cite

Sapin, N., Md Yusoff, N. ‘Afifah, Dagil, G. J., & Abdul Keyon, A. S. (2024). Alginate Chitosan Amine-Functionalized Silica-Coated as an Adsorbent for Magnetic Micro Solid-Phase Extraction of Bisphenol A from Canned Food Sample. Journal of Materials in Life Sciences (JOMALISC), 3(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.11113/jomalisc.v3.69

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1: May 2024

Section

Articles