Optimization and Antioxidant Activity of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Piper Betle Oil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jomalisc.v5.98Keywords:
Piper betle, Optimisation, RSM, UAE, Antioxidant ActivityAbstract
Piper betle belongs to the family Piperaceae and genus Piper. The essential oil in the leaves of the plant is heavily studied due to its biological properties, one of which being an antioxidant. Thus, this present study aims to optimise the essential oil extraction by hydrodistillation with ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) as the sample pre-treatment. A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effects of ultrasonic time (20-30 mins), extraction temperature (30-50°C) and solvent-to-solid ratio (20-40 mL/g) on the percentage yield of P. betle oil. The optimal conditions with the highest oil recovery (0.022% (w/w)) were found to be 25.6 mins, 44.5°C and 36.7 mL/g. Antioxidant activity of P. betle oil were tested using free radical scavenging assay with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as the reagent and ascorbic acid as the standard control. The IC50 value of the oil was determined to be 1.98 mg/mL.The values obtained in this study demonstrate the suitability of BBD model and DPPH assay to be used in optimisation of P. betle oil extraction and measurement of antioxidant activity, respectively.
References
Kuete, V. (Ed.). (2017). Medicinal spices and vegetables from Africa: therapeutic potential against metabolic, inflammatory, infectious and systemic diseases. Academic Press.
Nayaka, N. M. D. M. W., Sasadara, M. M. V., Sanjaya, D. A., Yuda, P. E. S. K., Dewi, N. L. K. A. A., Cahyaningsih, E., & Hartati, R. (2021). Piper betle (L): Recent review of antibacterial and antifungal properties, safety profiles, and commercial applications. Molecules, 26(8), pp. 2321.
El-Shemy, H. (Ed.). (2020). Essential Oils: Oils of Nature. BoD–Books on Demand. pp. 13-15.
Chowdhury, U., & Baruah, P. K. (2020). Betelvine (Piper Betle L.): A Potential Source for Oral Care. Current Botany, pp. 87-92.
Umar, R.A., Zahary, M. N., Rohin, M. A. K. & Ismail, S. (2018). Chemical composition and the potential biological ativities of Piper betel-a Review. Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 3(1), pp. 1-8.
Arambewela, L. S. R., Kumarathunge, K. G. A., & Dias, K. (2015). Studies on Piper betel of Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 33(2), pp. 133-139.
Das, S., Sandeep, I. S., Mohapatra, P., Kar, B., Sahoo, R. K., Subudhi, E., Nayak, S. & Mohanty, S. (2022). A comparative study of essential oil profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of thirty Piper betle landraces towards selection of industrially important chemotypes. Industrial Crops and Products, 187.
Prakash, B., Shukla, R., Singh, P., Kumar, A., Mishra, P. K., & Dubey, N. K. (2010). Efficacy of chemically characterized Piper betle L. essential oil against fungal and aflatoxin contamination of some edible commodities and its antioxidant activity. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 142(1-2), pp. 114-119.
Azahar, N. I., Mokhtar, N. M., & Arifin, M. A. (2020). Piper betle: a review on its bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties, and extraction process. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 991(1).
Karunanithi, S., Guha, P., & Srivastav, P. P. (2022). Cold Plasma-Assisted Microwave Pretreatment on Essential Oil Extraction from Betel Leaves: Process Optimization and Its Quality. Food and Bioprocess Technology, pp. 1-24.
Madhumita, M., Guha, P., & Nag, A. (2019). Extraction of betel leaves (Piper betle L.) essential oil and its bio-actives identification: Process optimization, GC-MS analysis and anti-microbial activity. Industrial Crops and Products, 138(111578).
Ouzzar, M. L., Louaer, W., Zemane, A., & Meniai, A. H. (2015). Comparison of the performances of hydrodistillation and supercritical CO2 extraction processes for essential oil extraction from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Chemical Engineering Transactions, 43, pp. 1129-1134.
Yahya, A., Amadi, I., Hashib, S. A., & Mustapha, F. A. (2018). Influence sample sizing of Citrus hystrix essential oil from hydrodistillation extraction. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 334(1).
Kumoro, A. C., Wardhani, D. H., Retnowati, D. S., Haryani, K., Yustika, S., & Fajar, T. A. (2021). Extraction of essential oil from ultrasound pre-treated citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) leaves by hydro-distillation method. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 87, pp. 643-648.
Setyadji, I. A., & Hartajanie, L. (2021). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted Extraction of total phenol from Piper betle Linn. using response surface methodology. International STEM Journal, 2(1), pp. 1-14.
Aziz, A. H. A., Yunus, M. A. C., Arsad, N. H., Lee, N. Y., Idham, Z., & Razak, A. Q. A. (2016). Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Piper Betel Linn. leaves oil and total phenolic content. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 162(1).
Bahmani, L., Aboonajmi, M., Arabhosseini, A., & Mirsaeedghazi, H. (2018). Effects of ultrasound pre-treatment on quantity and quality of essential oil of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) leaves. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 8, pp. 47-52.
Qiu, P., Cui, M., Kang, K., Park, B., Son, Y., Khim, Jang, M. & Khim, J. (2014). Application of Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology for modeling and optimizing ultrasonic oxidation of arsenite with H2O2. Open Chemistry, 12(2), pp. 164-172.
Maran, J. P., Sivakumar, V., Sridhar, R., & Immanuel, V. P. (2013). Development of model for mechanical properties of tapioca starch based edible films. Industrial Crops and Products, 42, pp. 159-168.
Yu, M., Wang, B., Qi, Z., Xin, G., & Li, W. (2019). Response surface method was used to optimize the ultrasonic assisted extraction of flavonoids from Crinum asiaticum. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(8), pp. 2079-2084.
Guha, P., & Nandi, S. (2019). Essential oil of betel leaf (Piper betle L.): A novel addition to the world food sector. In Essential Oil Research. 149-196.
Vu, T. X., Tran, T. B., Hoang, C. Q., Nguyen, H. T., Phan, M. X. B., Dao, A. N., Dinh, M. T., Soytong, K. & Nguyen, H. Q. (2021). Chemical compositions and anti-Malassezia properties of Vietnamese Mentha arvensis and Piper betle essential oils. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 17(4), pp. 1619-1630.
Jaiswal, S. G., Patel, M., Saxena, D. K., & Naik, S. N. (2014). Antioxidant properties of Piper betel L. leaf extracts from six different geographical domain of India. Journal of Bioresource Engineering and Technology, 1, pp. 18-26.
Shah, S. K., Garg, G., Jhade, D., & Patel, N. (2016). Piper betle: phytochemical, pharmacological and nutritional value in health management. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 38(2), 181-9.
Kallel, I., Hadrich, B., Gargouri, B., Chaabane, A., Lassoued, S., Gdoura, R., Bayoudh, A. & Ben Messaoud, E. (2019). Optimization of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) essential oil extraction: evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019.
Kedare, S. B. & Singh, R. P. (2011). Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. Journal of Food Science And Technology, 48(4), pp. 412-22.
Cui, H., Wei, P. H., Hui, W. P., Dong, Y. X., Chen, Z. W., Dong, Y. & Li, Z. H. (2018). Essential Oils from Carex meyeriana Kunth: Optimization of Hydrodistillation Extraction by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Industrial Crops & Products, 124, pp. 669-676.
Alighiri, D., Cahyono, E., Eden, W. T., Kusuma, E., & Supardi, K. I. (2018). Study on the improvement of essential oil quality and its repellent activity of betel leaves oil (Piper betle L.) from Indonesia. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 34(6), pp. 2913.
Liu, X. Y., Ou, H., Xiang, Z. B., & Gregersen, H. (2019). Optimization, chemical constituents and bioactivity of essential oil from Iberis amara seeds extracted by ultrasound-assisted hydro-distillation compared to conventional techniques. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 13(100204).
Ali, A., Lim, X. Y., Chong, C. H., Mah, S. H., & Chua, B. L. (2018). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from Piper betle using response surface methodology. Lwt, 89, pp. 681-688.
