A Study on Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) and Biofilm Eradication of Vibrio cholerae in Shrimps
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jomalisc.v4.99Keywords:
antimicrobial activity, shrimps, AST, MAR Index, MBEC, chloramphenicolAbstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health security threat. One factor that exacerbates this issue is the formation of bacterial biofilms, which can increase the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) of bacteria. Biofilms are particularly challenging to control due to their resistance to both chemical and physical stressors, including antibiotic therapy. This study focused on investigating the MAR in relation to the eradication of Vibrio cholerae biofilms. The bacteria were obtained from shrimp specimens collected during a recent outbreak in Limbang, Sarawak. Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests (ASTs) were conducted on sixteen V. cholerae isolates from environmental and clinical samples (shrimps). The results revealed six distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles, with MAR indices ranging from 0.10 to 0.38. Notably, the isolates VC006 and VC026 exhibited the highest MAR index of 0.38. A MAR index greater than 0.2 is indicative of contamination from high-risk sources and suggests a high probability of multi-drug resistance. The antibiotic chloramphenicol was selected as the agent for determining the Minimal Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) due to its known efficacy in quantifying the zone of inhibition. The results showed that concentrations ranging from 3.125 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL eradicated about 50% of V. cholerae biofilm formation (MBEC50), while higher concentrations of 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL achieved 90% eradication (MBEC90). In conclusion, the findings suggest that chloramphenicol is a highly effective antimicrobial therapy against multi-drug resistant and biofilm-forming strains of V. cholerae. This study underscores the importance of understanding and addressing MAR in the fight against AMR.
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