Biosorption of Methylene Blue on Sodium Hydroxide-Treated Oil Palm Trunk: Characterisation, Isotherm, and Kinetic Studies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jomalisc.v2.44Keywords:
Biosorption, isotherm, kinetics, methylene blue, oil palm trunkAbstract
Methylene blue (MB), a commercial dye, is widely studied in ecology and environmental pollution research due to its toxic and carcinogenic properties. This work used a NaOH solution to treat oil palm trunk (SHOPT) as a biosorbent for MB removal under varied experimental settings. The SHOPT was characterised using FTIR, SEM-EDX, pHslurry, and pHZPC.By using FTIR, functional groups like hydroxyl, carbonyl, and ether were found, which may have been the MB uptake's active sites. At pH 6, the highest biosorption capacity of 277.33 mg/g was predicted by the Langmuir isotherm model. SHOPT showed that MB had a greater biosorption capacity than other biosorbents. The desorption percentage recorded in neutral and acidic environments suggested the electrostatic attraction, π-π attraction, and H-bonding between MB molecules and the SHOPT surface. The results indicated that SHOPT might be a viable and practical biosorbent for eliminating MB from wastewater.
References
Ab Aziz, N. A. H., Md Ali, U. F., Ahmad, A. A., Mohamed Dzahir, M. I. H., Khamidun, M. H. and Abdullah, M. F. 2023. Non-functionalised oil palm waste-derived reduced graphene oxide for methylene blue removal: Isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, and mass transfer mechanism. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16, (1), 104387.
Abdul Khalil, H. P. S., Siti Alwani, M., Ridzuan, R., Kamarudin, H. and Khairul, A. 2008. Chemical composition, morphological characteristics, and cell wall structure of Malaysian oil palm fibers. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 47, 273-280.
Al-Asadi, S. T. and Al-Qaim, F. F. 2023. Biosorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using low cost adsorbent: Kinetic, isotherm biosorption and thermodynamic studies. Research square, 1-27.
Al-Fawwaz, A. T., Al Shra’ah, A. and Elhaddad, E. 2023. Bioremoval of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by green algae (Bracteacoccus sp.) isolated from North Jordan: Optimisation, kinetic, and isotherm studies. Sustainability, 15, (1), 842.
Azoulay, K., Bencheikh, I., Moufti, A., Dahchour, A., Mabrouki, J. and El Hajjaji, S. 2020. Comparative study between static and dynamic biosorption efficiency of dyes by the mixture of palm waste using the central composite design. Chemical Data Collections, 27, 100385.
Baloo, L., Isa, M. H., Sapari, N. B., Jagaba, A. H., Wei, L. J., Yavari, S., Razali, R. and Vasu, R. 2021. Adsorptive removal of methylene blue and acid orange 10 dyes from aqueous solutions using oil palm wastes-derived activated carbons. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 60, (6), 5611-5629.
Esmaeili, H. and Foroutan, R. 2019. Adsorptive behavior of methylene blue onto sawdust of sour lemon, date palm, and eucalyptus as agricultural wastes. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 40, (7), 990-999.
Freundlich, H. 1926. Colloid and Capillary Chemistry. Methuen, Lon.
Hamad, H. N. and Idrus, S. 2022. Recent developments in the application of bio-waste-derived adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue from wastewater: A review. Polymers, 14, (4), 783.
Hameed, B. H. and El-Khaiary, M. I. 2008. Batch removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions by biosorption on oil palm trunk fibre: Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154, (1), 237-244.
Ho, Y.-S. and McKay, G. 1999. Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem, 34, (5), 451–465.
Jasri, K., Abdulhameed, A. S., Jawad, A. H., Alothman, Z. A., Yousef, T. A. and Al Duaij, O. K. 2023. Mesoporous activated carbon produced from mixed wastes of oil palm frond and palm kernel shell using microwave radiation-assisted K2CO3 activation for methylene blue dye removal: Optimisation by response surface methodology. Diamond and Related Materials, 131, 109581.
Khan, I., Saeed, K., Zekker, I., Zhang, B., Hendi, A. H., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, S., Zada, N., Ahmad, H., Shah, L. A., Shah, T. and Khan, I. 2022. Review on Methylene Blue: Its properties, uses, toxicity and photodegradation. Water, 14, (2), 242.
Lagergren, S. K. 1898. About the theory of so-called biosorption of soluble substances. Sven Vetenskapsakad Handingar, 24, 1–39.
Langmuir, I. 1918. The biosorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. Journal of American Chemical Society, 40, 1361-1403.
Liu, X.-J., Li, M.-F. and Singh, S. K. 2021. Manganese-modified lignin biochar as adsorbent for removal of methylene blue. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 12, 1434-1445.
Miranda, F. F., Putri, A. S., Mustikaningrum, M. and Yuliansyah, A. T. 2021. Preparation and characterisation of nano crystal cellulose from oil palm trunk for biosorption of methylene blue. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2338, 040008
Misran, E., Bani, O., Situmeang, E. M. and Purba, A. S. 2022. Banana stem based activated carbon as a low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal: Isotherm, kinetics, and reusability. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61, (3), 1946-1955.
Mousavi, S. A., Mahmoudi, A., Amiri, S., Darvishi, P. and Noori, E. 2022. Methylene blue removal using grape leaves waste: optimisation and modeling. Applied Water Science, 12, (5), 112.
Mustikaningrum, M., Cahyono, R. B. and Yuliansyah, A. T. 2021. Effect of NaOH concentration in alkaline treatment process for producing nano crystal cellulose-based biosorbent for methylene blue. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1053, 012005
N'diaye, A. D., Kankou, M. S. A., Hammouti, B., Nandiyanto, A. B. D. and Al Husaeni, D. F. 2022. A review of biomaterial as an adsorbent: From the bibliometric literature review, the definition of dyes and adsorbent, the biosorption phenomena and isotherm models, factors affecting the biosorption process, to the use of typha species waste as adsorbent. Communications in Science and Technology, 7, (2), 140-153.
Nipa, S. T., Shefa, N. R., Parvin, S., Khatun, M. A., Alam, M. J., Chowdhury, S., Khan, M. A. R., Shawon, S. M. A. Z., Biswas, B. K. and Rahman, M. W. 2023. Biosorption of methylene blue on papaya bark fiber: Equilibrium, isotherm and kinetic perspectives. Results in Engineering, 17, 100857.
Oladoye, P. O., Ajiboye, T. O., Omotola, E. O. and Oyewola, O. J. 2022. Methylene blue dye: Toxicity and potential elimination technology from wastewater. Results in Engineering, 16, 100678.
Setiabudi, H. D., Jusoh, R., Suhaimi, S. F. R. M. and Masrur, S. F. 2016. Biosorption of methylene blue onto oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves: Process optimisation, isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 63, 363-370.
Teow, Y. H., Tajudin, S. A., Ho, K. C. and Mohammad, A. W. 2020. Synthesis and characterisation of graphene shell composite from oil palm frond juice for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 35, 101185.
Zeghoud, L., Gouamid, M., Ben Mya, O., Rebiai, A. and Saidi, M. 2019. Biosorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions using two different parts of palm tree: palm frond base and palm leaflets. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 230, (8), 195.
Zein, R., Satrio Purnomo, J., Ramadhani, P., Safni, Alif, M. F. and Putri, C. N. 2023. Enhancing sorption capacity of methylene blue dye using solid waste of lemongrass biosorbent by modification method. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16, (2), 104480.
Zubair, M., Mu’azu, N. D., Jarrah, N., Blaisi, N. I., Aziz, H. A. and A. Al-Harthi, M. 2020. Biosorption behavior and mechanism of methylene blue, crystal violet, eriochrome black T, and methyl orange dyes onto biochar-derived date palm fronds waste produced at different pyrolysis conditions. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231, (5), 240.
