Deep Eutectic Solvent Derived from Paracetamol for Efficient Enzymatic Biotransformation

Authors

  • Mohamad Hamdi Zainal Abidin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Nurul Izzati Mohamad Hair Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Ahmed Halilu Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center & (NANOCAT) Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Abdo Mohammed Al-Fakih Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Naharullah Jamaluddin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Roswanira Abdul Wahab Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia & Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
  • Oumaima Maroua Bouguerra Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Siti Ernieyanti Hashim Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Juan Matmin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jomalisc.v4.83

Keywords:

Deep Eutectic Solvent, Biotransformation, Lipase Candida Rugosa, Ionic Liquids

Abstract

Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) has emerged as a promising green solvent for use in various chemical reactions, including enzymatic reactions. In this study, a paracetamol-based DES was synthesized and characterized for its physicochemical properties. Additionally, molecular simulation was performed to investigate the DES's effect on the Candida rugosa lipase activity. The characterization analyses confirmed that the paracetamol-based DES possessed similar functional groups to its original components but exhibited a lower melting point. The enzymatic activity of the lipase in the presence of the synthesized DES was significantly enhanced, leading to a high yield of free fatty acids (348.30 µmole). This study is the first to demonstrate the use of a paracetamol-based DES for enzymatic activity, providing evidence that DESs are an efficient replacement for conventional organic solvents in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Molecular simulation results showed that the DES's active ingredient, pTSA, exhibited potent catalytic properties and protonation abilities, which contributed to the observed enhancement in lipase activity. Furthermore, the paracetamol molecule present in the DES was found to have a significant impact on the chemical environment surrounding lipase, leading to indirect effects on its activity. In conclusion, this study offers a promising strategy for utilizing greener solvents in enzymatic reactions, demonstrating the potential of DESs as a versatile tool for enhancing the catalytic activity of enzymes. The results of this study highlight the importance of exploring alternative green solvents and provide a foundation for future research in this area.

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Published

2025-05-31

How to Cite

Zainal Abidin, M. H., Mohamad Hair, N. I., Ahmed Halilu, Abdo Mohammed Al-Fakih, Naharullah Jamaluddin, Abdul Wahab, R., … Matmin, J. (2025). Deep Eutectic Solvent Derived from Paracetamol for Efficient Enzymatic Biotransformation. Journal of Materials in Life Sciences (JOMALISC), 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11113/jomalisc.v4.83

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